重提美空军博物馆参观记
黄安年文 黄安年的博客2017年8月26日发布 按美空军博物馆参观记一文写于2003年9月2日，2004年6月30日增补，文章收录于黄安年著美纪行一个学者眼的美社会，第204207页，文化艺术出版社，2005年11月版，内容略有修改。并在学术交流网美问题观察栏目2003年9月22日首发。黄安年的博客2007年4月19日发布。正文的蓝色字体在美纪行略去。 88 美空军博物United States Air Force Museum，USAF Museum是世界上最大和历史最久的军事航空博物馆。2003年9月2日全天，我们在袁青教授的陪同下进行参观。博物馆位于俄亥俄州代顿市，它的侧是675号公路，南面是35号公路，西边紧邻河边镇。每年这里接待了自世界各地数以百万计的参观访问者，除感节圣诞节和元旦外，全天917时免费对外开放，不需出示任何证件。今年是美航空发展史的100年，独立日这天，这里举行了盛大的庆祝活动，博物馆也进行了整修和扩大。我们参观的一些项目是新展出的。 美空军博物馆分早期馆从早年军事飞行到第二次世界大战现代飞行库现代馆二战喷气时代朝鲜战争越南战争空间馆空军一号总统座机馆等。在二战馆我们特别参观展出的美两结盟同反对日本法西斯的难忘历史资料。19421945年美两空军同承担的世界空运史上最为艰难的鸵峰空运通道陈纳德将军指挥的飞虎队第14航空队在参加抗日战争在美两人民之间友好交往史上留下了极其难忘的回忆。后我们了解到2004年6月24日，美空军博物馆悬挂着一幅在飞越驼峰牺牲和失踪的部分美军飞行员的照片。由新闻办公室和美空军博物馆同举办的历史的记忆展，分为飞虎队营救杜利特尔和飞越驼峰三个部分，形象地讲述了第二次世界大战期间美合作抗日的历史。展览结束后，展品永久存放在美空军博物馆。 早期馆陈列了莱特兄弟试飞的许多实物以及从第一次世界大战到第二次世界大战开始时的珍贵飞行文物。现代飞行库陈列了代不同飞行时期的飞行器实物,你可以随意进入机仓参观。在现代馆里我们看到二战时期陈纳德的飞虎队在的活动实物及照片，看到冷战时期美的U2无人驾驶飞机和在朝鲜战争和越南战争期间的飞行器和珍贵实物。我们在莱特兄弟试飞的许多实物前面停留良久。100年前的12月17日，他们在北卡罗纳州基蒂霍克海滩上空飞行了4次，最长的一次持续约一分钟，飞行距离850英尺。有5人在场目睹了他们的飞行。奥列佛·莱特和韦伯·莱特兄弟经营自行车，精于机械制造技术。从1896年开始研究飞行。19041905年又分别造出了飞行者2号和飞行者3号，1905年10月5日韦伯·莱特驾驶的飞行者3号持续飞行了38分钟，航程达39公里，具有了实用效能。在我们到博物馆前几不久，布什总统刚刚过代顿。后我们知道2003年12月17日，在同一地点，美隆重纪念莱特兄弟的这一历史性突破。在过去100年，人类实现了超音速飞行，太空旅行已以为常，旅行者1号飞船目前正向太阳系边缘飞去。 我们重点参观的是空军一号总统座机馆。一进博物馆就直接到参观总统座机的展厅,需要排队等候专车接送到另外一个展区,大约开了5分钟光景就到了展厅。这个展厅通过总统座机联系着当代世界和美的一些重大历史事件。我们登上了陈列着的每架总统座机，从罗斯福总统到克林顿均一一登机参观。 空军博物馆里陈列了250多架飞机，其供总统使用的有9架。老罗斯福总统在1910年曾坐过Wright B型飞机，但是正式拥有总统座机的是1943年1月11日，罗斯福总统在迈阿密秘密飞往卡萨布兰卡与英首相邱吉尔会晤，这次空飞行总计长达42时。1944年，美军方为罗斯福专门设计了一架飞机道格拉斯公司生的C54四引擎螺旋桨飞机Douglas C54CSkymaster。这架飞机上特别安装了一部型电梯，可以轻松地将罗斯福和他的轮椅送到机舱里。第一次专门为总统座机设计的Sacred Cow是罗斯福总统1945年2月参加雅尔塔会议使用的。此后有几架为总统使用的飞机，但是还没有定名为空军一号。1947年7月26日杜鲁门总统在飞机上签署了家安全法。杜鲁门总统使用的专机还有Douglas VC118Liftmaster。1950年10月杜鲁门总统到威克岛和盟军司令麦克阿瑟五星上将讨论朝鲜战局问题，使用的就是这架飞机。19561960年德怀特·D.艾森豪威尔总统乘坐U4B短途旅行。它是最的空军一号，我们登上了艾森豪威尔总统的座机，正好遇到一位身重200多磅的美胖子在飞机走道里迎面而遇，两人无法同时走过，只能侧身让对方先过，飞机上的卧房，和火车上的卧铺差不了多少。在艾森豪威尔总统离职后，飞机用作政府高官的飞行。1969年10月1日它被送往空军研究,1996年进入博物馆。艾森豪威尔总统使用的另一架飞机是Lockheed VC121E Constellation。 使总统出行全面走向现代化的是肯尼迪总统。电视上经常播出他的专机起降的镜头。在妻子杰奎琳的建议下，肯尼迪下令将机舱装饰以艺术品，机身也涂成了更加柔和的蓝白色，空军一号的外表还是杰奎琳的设计。从此，空军一号成了总统专机的代名词。其后，每一届总统就任后都要对空军一号动大手术。1968年8月1973年初林登B.约翰逊使用的飞机是North American T39ASabreliner。洛克希德VC140B JetStar在一段时期内曾先后由尼克松福特卡特和里根总统坐过。波音空军一号Boeing VC137CAir Force One的展示是总统座机的重头戏，从肯尼迪到约翰逊尼克松卡特克林顿的专机均逐一展出。从柏林危机到1963年11月22日肯尼迪总统在达拉斯遇刺和约翰逊副总统在飞机上宣誓就职新总统，尼克松总统1972年2月对的历史性访问等重大事件都和这架飞机有关。1962年，美空军开始采用当时最先进且最大型的波音707－320B客机作空军一号。肯尼迪总统先是使用道格拉斯DC6型飞机，后改为波音707，即萨姆。它在约翰逊总统时期以及尼克松总统执政的早期，是总统主要的交通工具。1972年，现在已经退役的波音707353Ｂ第一次投入使用。克林顿在任时乘坐的总统专机正式名称是波音747200B?VC25A,尾号为和有两架这样的总统专机。资料显示克林顿在空军一号的8年时间里总飞行了90英里，比居第二的里根超出一倍还多。 美空军一号最早从８０年代开始成为前总统尼克松的座机，之后又为前总统福特卡特里根老布什克林顿以及现任美总统布什服过。这架总统座机在过去２０年左右的时间里曾安全地执行４４４次飞行任，总行程超过１６０万公里。这架特别装配的７０７－３５３Ｂ型空军一号机尾编号是２７０００，１９７２年１２月开始服役。使用的布什总统座机当然没有在空军博物馆展出，布什使用的空军一号是波音747200B，专机编号为VC－25A，速度是900公里／时，飞行高度是1万米，续航能力达多公里。该机是从1990年8月正式投入使用的。 在博物馆邻处是纪念公园，里面有塑像纪念装饰品树丛长凳等，人们在这里散步回味对博物馆的感受。在博物馆里还有教育部向儿童成人旅游者学者等提供不同需求的节目，而博物馆的研究部则提供进一步的研究信息。IMAX剧提供相关影片，供读者观看。如果有时间，可以整天在博物馆里仔细地参观。和博物馆相邻的是美空军基地，在它的旁边是以莱特命名的莱特州立大学，在莱特大学生活区外不远的地方有一座纪念莱特兄弟的纪念碑，在这里，我们站立良久，浮想联翩，在莱特大学图书馆特藏馆，收藏了早期航空史的珍贵资料，包括有关莱特兄弟Orville and Wilbur Wright及其家庭的历史资料，藏有代顿地方历史资料等。图书馆里专藏1903年莱特飞行的复制品。 1903年以的一百年间，我们这里地球已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。 写于2003年9月2日，2004年6月30日增补 下面是 美空军博物馆参观记 2003年9月2日天空下着阵雨，我们在YQ教授的陪同下参观世界闻名的美空军博物馆United States Air Force Museum，USAF Museum。博物馆位于俄亥俄州代顿市，它的侧是675号公路，南面是35号公路，西边紧邻Riverside Town。我们自Beavercreek地区驱车走675号公路到Air Col. GlennHWY转向Harshman Rd.就到了USAF Museum1100 SpaatzStreet, WrightPatterson, AFB, Ohio, , 。这是世界上最大和历史最久的军事航空博物馆，展示了从Wright Brothers在Kitty Hawk试飞开创世界航空历史新纪元至今的美军事航空发展史。每年这里接待了自世界各地数以百万计的参观访问者，除感节圣诞节和元旦外，全年上午9点下午5点免费对外开放，不需出示任何证件。今年是美航空发展史的100年，独立日这天，这里举行了盛大的庆祝活动，博物馆也进行了整修和扩大。我们的参观的一些项目是新展出的。 我们一进USAF Museum就直接到参观总统坐机的展厅,需要排队等候专车接送到另外一个展区,大约开了5分钟光景就到了The Presidential Aircraft and Research andDevelopmentFlight Test Hangars。这个展厅通过总统座机联系着当代世界和美的一些重大历史事件。我们登上了陈列着的每架总统座机，从罗斯福总统到克林顿均一一登机参观。 空军博物馆里陈列了250多架飞机，其供总统使用的有9架。老罗斯福总统在1910年曾坐过Wright B型飞机，但是正式拥有总统座机的是1943年1月11日富兰克林·罗斯福总统在战时参加卡萨布兰卡会议时使用的飞机。据介绍称This flight , however, was made aboard an unidentifiedArmy C54 and the Dixie Clipper a Pan AmericanBoeing 314 contracted by the government. This trip gave rise to the requirementfor a military aircraft specifically assigned to meet the needs of transportingthe President. The first such aircraft was a cargo version of the B24 bomber,designated a C87Aand heavily modified for VIP use. This aircraft, named Guess Where II, wasnever used by the President, but Mrs. Roosevelt did make a tour of South and Central America in it in 1944。 第一次专门为总统座机设计的Sacred Cow是罗斯福总统1945年2月参加雅尔塔会议使用的。此后有几架为总统使用的飞机，但是还没有定名为空军一号。Today the Presidents a aircraft are operated aspart of the Special Air Mission fleet of the 89th Airlift Wing based at AndrewsAFB outside of Washington, D.C. This fleet is highlighted by twoVC25Asmodified Boeing 747s and todays AIR force ONE. It also contains thec137 Stratoliner Boeing 7070, C9 Nightingale McDonnell Douglas DC9, c20Gulfstream , C21ALear35A, and UHIN Iroquois helicopter, as well as the new C32ABoeing 757 and C37 A Gulfstream V which will replace thebC137. 杜鲁门总统使用的专机还有DouglasVC118Liftmaster。1950年10月杜鲁门总统到威克岛和盟军司令麦克阿瑟五星上将讨论朝鲜战局问题，使用的就是这架飞机。The VC118 was a military variation of the Douglas DC6 commercial airliner. In 1947, USAAF officialsorders the 29th production DC6 to be modified as a replacement for the aging C54C Sacred Cow. Presidential aircraft.The aft fuselage was converted into a stateroom and the main cabin configuredto either seat 24 passengers or be made up into 12Sleeperberths.The 118 was formally commissioned into the AAF on July 4, 1947, and wasnicknamed Independence for the Presidentshometown in Missouri.Probably the plans most historic flight occurred when it carried PresidentTruman to Wake Island in Oct. 1950 to discussthe Korean situation with Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Beginning in1951, the USAF purchased 165 C118Aswhich were about six feet longer than the Independence.C118As played a key role in Operation Safe Haven, the aircraft of 14,000Hungarian refugees to the U.S.in 195657.In May 1953, after nearly six years of White Houseservice, the Independencewas retired as a Presidential aircraft and subsequently several Air Forceorganizations as a VIP transport. It was brought to the USAF Museumin 1965, and in 197778, restored to its former presidential markings andeaglelike paint scheme. 19561960年德怀特·D.艾森豪威尔总统乘坐U4B短途旅行。它是最的空军一号，我们登上了艾森豪威尔总统的座机，正好遇到一位身重200多磅的美胖子在飞机走道里迎面而遇，两人无法同时走过，只能侧身背过让对方先过，至于飞机上的卧房，和火车上的卧铺。它有两个引擎带有the familiar blue and white paint scheme。在艾森豪威尔总统离职后，飞机用作政府高官的飞行。1969年10月1日它被送往空军研究Air Force Academy。1977年11月送往Nebraska CivilAir Patrol,1996年进入博物馆。艾森豪威尔总统使用的另一架飞机是Lockheed VC121EConstellationThe C121is the military version of the famed Constellation commercial transport. DuringWorld War Two, the AAF purchased 22 early model ConstellationsL49, whichdesignated C69s, and between 1948 and 1955 the USAF ordered 150 C121sL749for use as cargo andpassenger carriers, executive transports, and airborne early warning picketships. The aircraft on display, an L1049 and only VC121F built, was President Eisenhowers personalairplane between 1954 and 1961. Mrs. Eisenhower christened it Columbine III inhonor of the official flower of Colorado, her adopted home state. In ceremonieson Nov. 24, 1954. Columbine III served as the presidential aircraft untilPresident Eisenhower left office in January 1961. It remained in servicetransporting government officials and visiting foreign dignitaries throughoutthe world until it was retired to the U.S.Air Force Museumin 1966. The UH13Jwas the Air Forces version of the Bellcommercial model 47J helicopter. Two UH13Js were purchased in March 1957 foruse as the first presidential helicopters. On July 13, President Eisenhowerbecame the first Chief Executive to fly in a helicopter when he took off fromthe White House lawn in the sister ship of the Sioux on display. Followingtheir retirement as presidential aircraft on March 1, 1962. both UH13Js wereused to carry highranking Department of Defense personnel and numerous foreigndignitaries. In July 1967, they were retired from service, one going to theSmithsonian Institution and the other to the Air Force Museum. 和1968年8月1973年初林登B.约翰逊有关的飞机是North American T39ASabrelinerThe T39was developed as a private venture to meet a USAF requirement for a twin jetutility trainer. The prototype made its first flight on September 16, 1958。In all143 T39Asand 6 T39Bs were built for the USAF. The Sabreliner also entered thecommercial market where it became a highly successful executive jet transport.The T39A on display wasdelivered to the USAF on June 6, 1963. From August 1968 until early 1973, itwas assigned to Bergstrom AFB, Texas,in support of former President Lyndon B. Johnson . It was flown to the Museumon October 24, 1984.此外Beech VC6Ais a standard Beech craft King Air B90 with a VIP interior and is the only oneof its type purchased by the Air Force. It was placed in service in early 1966.During the early part of its operational career, it was used to transportPresident Lyndon B. Johnson and members of his family between Bergstrom AFB, Texas , near Austin, andJohnson family ranch near Johnson city.During this time, the aircraft became informally known as the Lady Bird Special. After leaving presidential service, the VC6A continued in its special executive transport roleuntil it was retired in September, 1985 洛克希德VC140B Jet Star在一段时期内曾先后由尼克松福特卡特和里根总统坐过。The C140 is a military version of theLockheed 1329. The prototype Jet Star was first flown on September 4,1957, andproduction began in 1960. Although the majority were built for civilian market,the U.S.Air Force bought 16 Jet Stars as C140As and Bs , the first of which wasdelivered in late 1961. Six were flown as VC140Bs on special government andWhite House airlift mission. The VC140B on display carried Presidents Nixon,Ford, Cater and Reagan a number of times. 波音空军一号Boeing VC137C Air Force One的展示是总统坐机的重头戏，从肯尼迪到约翰逊尼克松卡特克林顿的专机均逐一展出。从柏林危机到1963年11月22日肯尼迪总统在达拉斯遇刺和约翰逊副总统在飞机上宣誓就职新总统，尼克松总统1972年2月对的历史性访问等重大事件都和这架飞机有关。This Boeing 707320B, USAF serial 626000, wasspecially outfitted in 1962 to be the official aircraft of the president of theUnited States. The designation Air Force One was given to this Air Force aircraft only whenthe President was aboard, otherwise it was known by the tail number asSAMSpecial Air Mission . On October10, 1962, the VC137C, entered Air Force service directly from the Boeing assembly line in Renton, Washington.President Kennedy had the aircraft pained in striking blue and white instead ofthe usual military colors to give the aircraft a distinctive look. The words United States of Americawere emblazoned on the fuselage and an American flag was painted on the tail.This aircraft has carried all the presidents from 1962 to 1998. In 1963,Number flew President Kennedy to Berlinwhere he declared to the West Berliners Ich bin ein Berlinerthat assured them of the continuing support of the US in the face of the construction of the Berlin Wall. Theairplane flew President Kennedy to Dallas, Texas, on November, 22 1963, where he was assassinated,and it was on this airplane that Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn inas the 36th president of the United States. President Johnson used the aircraftextensively, including flights to Vietnam at the height of thatconflict. Beginning in 1970, President Nixons National Security Advisor HenryKissinger used the aircraft for 13 trips to Paris for secret negotiations with the NorthVietnamese. President Nixonalso used frequently, including his historic trip to China inFebruary 1972 the first visit to that country by an Americanpresident.In December 1972 , was replaced as the primarypresidential aircraft by another Boeing VC137, 727000, and became abackup. In this role it was used primarily by the vice president and othersenior officials, though still occasionally used by the president himself. Forexample, Secretary of State James Baker used it for flights to the Middle Eastprior to the 1991 Gulf War, The aircraft was flown to the Air Force Museum for permanent display in May 1998. 在博物馆邻处是纪念公园，里面有塑像纪念装饰品树丛长凳等，人们在这里散步回味对博物馆的感受。在博物馆里还有教育部向儿童成人旅游者学者等提供不同需求的节目，而博物馆的研究部则提供进一步的研究信息。IMAX剧提供相关影片，供读者观看。如果有时间，可以整天在博物馆里仔细地参观。和博物馆相邻的是美空军基地，在它的旁边是以莱特命名的莱特州立大学，在莱特大学生活区外不远的地方有一座纪念莱特兄弟的纪念碑，在这里，我们站立良久，浮想联翩，1903年以的一百年间，我们这里地球已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。 在莱特大学图书馆特藏馆Wright StateUniversity Libraries Special Collections and archives Paul Laurence DunbarLibrary，收藏了早期航空史的珍贵资料，包括有关Orville and Wilbur Wright 及其家庭的历史资料，藏有代顿地方历史资料等。图书馆里专藏1903年Wright 飞行复制品。介绍提到The replica ofthe 1903 Wright Flyer that Graces the atrium of the Paul Laurence DunbarLibrary celebrates the accomplishments of the Wright brothers, who firstachieved controlled powered flight on December 17, 1903,above the sands of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Wright State University is named for Wilburand Orville Wright, printers and bicycle makers from Dayton, Ohio, whosecuriosity about flight led to the research and development that culminated inthe building of the 1903 Flyer. The originalFlyer was constructed of spruce and powered by a fourcylinder gasoline engine,built by Wright mechanic Charles Taylor Wing surfaces were covered in Pride ofWest muslin. The development of the engine, sewing of the wings, making of thepropellers, and general construction of the frame were all completed in Dayton. The parts wereshipped from Dayton to Kitty Hawk and assembled there. The first successful flight lasted 12seconds and covered a distance of 120feet. This fullscale replica of the 1903Wright Flyer was conceived and built by a dedicated group of volunteer modelmakers, mechanics, engineers, woodworkers and seamstresses under the leadershipof Howard R. DuFore. The replica is constructed of basswood rather than spruce.Muslin again covers the wings and all metal parts were custommade from drawingsof the originals. The propellers were constructed and donated by HartzellPropeller. The engine is a mockup of the original and made by larry DuFour.The accuracy of construction or tolerances are to within. .010of an inch. Thespecifications of the 1903 Wright Flyer Replica match those of the original,with the exception of the overall weight of the machine. The replica weight 550Lbs. Due to the difference in theweight of the engine and its auxiliary parts. The Wright 1903Flyer Replica is dedicated the Wilkinson Wick Wright ,great nephewof the Wright brothers and generous friend and supporter of the Wright State University Libraries. Itis also a tribute to the volunteers who donated their skill and time to createthe Flyer and encourage the spirit of invention in each of us.The 1903 WrightFlyer Replica was funded by the Wright State UniversityFoundation . 关于The Wright Brothers Collection提到The WrightBrothers Collection at Wright State Universityis one of the most complements records of lives and work of WILBUR AND OrvilleWright, and it complements the collection held by the Library of Congress.Housed in Special Collections and archives in the Paul Laurence Dunbar Library,the collection contains over 6000 items including more than 200 technicalbooks, journals, and pamphlets accumulated by the Wright brothers, and morethan 500 items related to their research, business, and legal endeavors. Italso consisted of the papers and diaries of Bishop Milton Wright father toWilbur and Orvilleand more than 1000 genealogical items gathered by BishopWright and Orville Wright. The nearly 4000 photographs documenting theinvention of powered flight and the lives of the Wright family are anespecially rich aspect of the Wright Brothers Collection. 附图全部为原创作品。 1.空军博物馆展出的美飞机 2.作者在空军博物馆陈列飞机前的摄影 3.空军博物馆展出的第二次世界大战期间美联合和日本法西斯作战的陈列品 4.空军博物馆陈列的空军一号飞机 5.空军博物馆前 6.空军博物馆陈列的空军一号飞机 7.空军博物馆陈列的空军一号飞机 8. 空军博物馆陈列的空军一号飞机 9．空军博物馆里陈列的飞机 10．空军博物馆内的艾森豪威尔座仓。 11．在莱特兄弟纪念碑前的合影。 2003年9月2日天空下着阵雨，我们在YQ教授的陪同下参观世界闻名的美空军博物馆United States Air Force Museum，USAFMuseum。博物馆位于俄亥俄州代顿市，它的侧是675号公路，南面是35号公路，西边紧邻Riverside Town。我们自Beavercreek地区驱车走675号公路到AirCol. Glenn HWY转向Harshman Rd.就到了USAF Museum1100 Spaatz Street, WrightPatterson, AFB,Ohio, , 。这是世界上最大和历史最久的军事航空博物馆，展示了从Wright Brothers在KittyHawk试飞开创世界航空历史新纪元至今的美军事航空发展史。每年这里接待了自世界各地数以百万计的参观访问者，除感节圣诞节和元旦外，全年上午9点下午5点免费对外开放，不需出示任何证件。今年是美航空发展史的100年，独立日这天，这里举行了盛大的庆祝活动，博物馆也进行了整修和扩大。我们的参观的一些项目是新展出的。 我们一进USAFMuseum就直接到参观总统坐机的展厅,需要排队等候专车接送到另外一个展区,大约开了5分钟光景就到了The Presidential Aircraft and Research andDevelopmentFlight Test Hangars。这个展厅通过总统座机联系着当代世界和美的一些重大历史事件。我们登上了陈列着的每架总统座机，从罗斯福总统到克林顿均一一登机参观。 空军博物馆里陈列了250多架飞机，其供总统使用的有9架。老罗斯福总统在1910年曾坐过WrightB型飞机，但是正式拥有总统座机的是1943年1月11日富兰克林·罗斯福总统在战时参加卡萨布兰卡会议时使用的飞机。据介绍称This flight , however, was made aboard anunidentified Army C54 and the Dixie Clipper a Pan American Boeing 314contracted by the government. This trip gave rise to the requirement for amilitary aircraft specifically assigned to meet the needs of transporting thePresident. The first such aircraft was a cargo version of the B24 bomber,designated a C87Aand heavily modified for VIP use. This aircraft, named Guess Where II, wasnever used by the President, but Mrs. Roosevelt did make a tour of South and Central America in it in 1944。 第一次专门为总统座机设计的SacredCow是罗斯福总统1945年2月参加雅尔塔会议使用的。此后有几架为总统使用的飞机，但是还没有定名为空军一号。Today the Presidents a aircraft areoperated as part of the Special Air Mission fleet of the 89th Airlift Wingbased at Andrews AFB outside of Washington, D.C. This fleet is highlighted bytwo VC25Asmodified Boeing 747s and todays AIR force ONE. It also containsthe c137 Stratoliner Boeing 7070, C9 Nightingale McDonnell Douglas DC9,c20 Gulfstream , C21ALear35A, and UHIN Iroquois helicopter, as well as the new C32ABoeing 757 and C37 A Gulfstream V which will replace thebC137. 杜鲁门总统使用的专机还有DouglasVC118Liftmaster。1950年10月杜鲁门总统到威克岛和盟军司令麦克阿瑟五星上将讨论朝鲜战局问题，使用的就是这架飞机。The VC118 was a military variationof the Douglas DC6 commercial airliner. In 1947, USAAF officials orders the29th production DC6 to be modified as a replacement for the aging C54C Sacred Cow. Presidential aircraft.The aft fuselage was converted into a stateroom and the main cabin configuredto either seat 24 passengers or be made up into 12Sleeperberths.The 118 was formally commissioned into the AAF on July 4, 1947, and wasnicknamed Independence for the Presidentshometown in Missouri.Probably the plans most historic flight occurred when it carried PresidentTruman to Wake Island in Oct. 1950 to discussthe Korean situation with Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Beginning in1951, the USAF purchased 165 C118Aswhich were about six feet longer than the Independence.C118As played a key role in Operation Safe Haven, the aircraft of 14,000Hungarian refugees to the U.S.in 195657.In May 1953, after nearly six years of White Houseservice, the Independencewas retired as a Presidential aircraft and subsequently several Air Forceorganizations as a VIP transport. It was brought to the USAF Museumin 1965, and in 197778, restored to its former presidential markings andeaglelike paint scheme. 19561960年德怀特·D.艾森豪威尔总统乘坐U4B短途旅行。它是最的空军一号，我们登上了艾森豪威尔总统的座机，正好遇到一位身重200多磅的美胖子在飞机走道里迎面而遇，两人无法同时走过，只能侧身背过让对方先过，至于飞机上的卧房，和火车上的卧铺。它有两个引擎带有the familiar blue and white paint scheme。在艾森豪威尔总统离职后，飞机用作政府高官的飞行。1969年10月1日它被送往空军研究AirForce Academy。1977年11月送往Nebraska Civil Air Patrol,1996年进入博物馆。艾森豪威尔总统使用的另一架飞机是Lockheed VC121EConstellationThe C121is the military version of the famed Constellation commercial transport. DuringWorld War Two, the AAF purchased 22 early model ConstellationsL49, whichdesignated C69s, and between 1948 and 1955 the USAF ordered 150 C121sL749for use as cargo andpassenger carriers, executive transports, and airborne early warning picketships. The aircraft on display, an L1049 and only VC121F built, was President Eisenhowers personalairplane between 1954 and 1961. Mrs. Eisenhower christened it Columbine III inhonor of the official flower of Colorado,her adopted home state. In ceremonies on Nov. 24, 1954. Columbine III served asthe presidential aircraft until President Eisenhower left office in January1961. It remained in service transporting government officials and visitingforeign dignitaries throughout the world until it was retired to the U.S. AirForce Museum in 1966. The UH13J was the Air Forces version of the Bell commercial model 47J helicopter. TwoUH13Js were purchased in March 1957 for use as the first presidentialhelicopters. On July 13, President Eisenhower became the first Chief Executiveto fly in a helicopter when he took off from the White House lawn in the sistership of the Sioux on display. Following their retirement as presidentialaircraft on March 1, 1962. both UH13Js were used to carry highrankingDepartment of Defense personnel and numerous foreign dignitaries. In July 1967,they were retired from service, one going to the Smithsonian Institution andthe other to the Air Force Museum. 和1968年8月1973年初林登B.约翰逊有关的飞机是NorthAmerican T39ASabrelinerTheT39 was developed as a private venture to meet a USAF requirement for a twinjet utility trainer. The prototype made its first flight on September 16, 1958。Inall143 T39As and 6 T39Bs were built for the USAF. The Sabreliner also enteredthe commercial market where it became a highly successful executive jettransport. The T39A ondisplay was delivered to the USAF on June 6, 1963. From August 1968 until early1973, it was assigned to Bergstrom AFB, Texas,in support of former President Lyndon B. Johnson . It was flown to the Museumon October 24, 1984.此外Beech VC6A is a standard Beech craft King Air B90 with a VIPinterior and is the only one of its type purchased by the Air Force. It wasplaced in service in early 1966. During the early part of its operationalcareer, it was used to transport President Lyndon B. Johnson and members of hisfamily between Bergstrom AFB, Texas , near Austin, and Johnson family ranch near Johnson city. During this time, the aircraftbecame informally known as the Lady Bird Special . After leaving presidentialservice, the VC6Acontinued in its special executive transport role until it was retired inSeptember, 1985. 上一篇再谈俄亥俄历史协会 下一篇我的第篇博文目录2017080620170826
